ABSTRACT
@#With the deepening of research in oral microbiomics, an important relationship between changes in the oral microbiome and orthodontic treatment has been found. Orthodontic treatment will have an impact on the oral and systemic microbiome. The presence of oral appliances can change the quantity and quality of the oral microbiometo and increase the risk of oral and even systemic diseases in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. Compared with fixed orthodontic treatment, clear aligners will not have a harmful impact on the structure of the oral microbiome, which is more conducive to maintain oral health during the orthodontic treatment process. In addition, different bracket types and materials can lead to different changes in the oral microbiome, and the occurrence and development of orthodontic-related diseases, such as white spot lesions, dental caries, gingivitis and periodontitis, are also related to changes in the oral microbiome. At present, the role of the oral microbiome in the process of orthodontic treatment needs to be further studied. Whether a change in the oral microbiome caused by orthodontic treatment can be restored after orthodontic treatment is still uncertain and needs more research. This paper reviews the research progress on the application of microbiomics in orthodontics, including the impact of fixed appliances and clear aligners on the microbiome and the relationship between orthodontic-related diseases and the oral microbiome.
ABSTRACT
No matter what kind of therapies you choose, clear aligner treatment (CAT) or fixed orthodontic treatment (FOT), the therapy must be performed on the basis of periodontal health and follow the rule that the treatment cannot be harmful to the periodontal tissues. Doctors and patients prefer the clear aligner treatment because of its features, such as aesthetic, removable and comfortable. There are many studies which consider the influences of CAT on the periodontal health, and the conclusions are relatively consistent. The CAT is more beneficial for the plaque-control and maintaining the periodontal health. However, there are a few articles which are talking about applying the CAT to the patients with severe periodontitis. This article mainly reviews the effect of CAT towards the patients with periodontitis, and provides some reference when the patients with severe periodontitis need to choose a proper treatment.
ABSTRACT
This case report describes the treatment of a 25-year-old woman with a severe open bite. This patient presented a grade Ⅲ open bite, considerably thin alveolar bone, and evident labial buccal and lingual root form. The open bite was corrected by fixed orthodontic treatment and masticatory exercises. However, the increased pressure in the labial muscle caused by lip muscle exercise suppressed the canines, which resulted in the protrusion of the apices of canine roots out of the alveolar bone. Afterward, HX brackets, instead of self-locking, were used and bonded reversely in the occlusal-gingival direction on the upper canines. The lip muscle exercises were decreased. After adjustment, the roots penetrated back into the cancellous bone, the severe open bite was corrected, and a normal overbite and overjet were achieved. ClassⅠcanine and molar relationships were established. The masticatory function and profile were both considerably improved. This case report showed that a severe nonskeletal open bite can be corrected using orthodontic treatments combined with masticatory exercises.
Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Cephalometry , Malocclusion, Angle Class II , Open Bite , Therapeutics , Overbite , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
Objective To detect Porphyromonas gingivalis and clinical index in subgingival specimens after removal of orthodontic appliances and to evaluate clinical index and P.gingivalis factors associated with orthodontic appliances during an episode of gingival inflammation and the impact of appliance removal on periodontal health.Methods Choose 20 patients prepare to removal of orthodontic appliances.Plaque index(PLI),sulcus bleeding index(SBI) and probing depth(PD) of observed teeth were examined and subgingival plaques were collected at prior to appliance removal(baseline) and 1,3 and 6 months after appliance removal.The numbers of P.gingivalis,total bacteria,the proportion of P.gingivalis and the prevalence of P.gingivalis in the samples were detected with the TaqMan real-time PCR.Results The prevalence of P.gingivalis decreased from baseline to the 6th month after fixed appliance removal in two groups,and significant change was found in 6th month(P ＜ 0.05); The numbers of P.gingivalis significantly reduced from baseline to the 6th month(P ＜ 0.05); The proportion of P.gingivalis in subgingival plaque decreased from baseline to the 6th month(P ＜0.05).PLI,SBI and PD significantly decreased from baseline to the 6th month after fixed appliance removal.Conclusion After fixed appliance removal,most of patients can recover periodontal tissue health in good oral hygiene.The percentage of P.gingivalis are closely associated with periodontal status.TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction has a high sensitivity and specificity.It was demonstrated the broad potential of application on detection of oral microbes.